The US economy is poised to shake off the housing slump and regain momentum by the end of this year, and the credit goes to techies, bankers, chefs and shoppers, according to a Wall Street Journal survey of economists.
The Journal says in today's edition that a panel of 60 economists who participated in its latest semiannual economic forecasting survey offered an optimistic outlook for 2007: The service sector should keep humming along as the recent weakness in housing and manufacturing abates and the Federal Reserve begins to reduce interest rates. That would allow the economy to expand at a rate fast enough to keep investors happy, but slow enough to keep inflation at bay.
However, the survey shows that economists haven't stopped worrying about what could happen if the current slowdowns in housing and manufacturing spread further -- a pattern that has characterized previous recessions. In another potentially ominous sign, they increasingly differ about the economy's trajectory.
The Journal says that on average, the economists predict that inflation-adjusted gross domestic product, a broad measure of economic activity, will grow at an annualized rate of 2.3% in the first half of 2007 and 2.8% in the second half. That's up from a sluggish 2% in the third quarter of 2006, but still far below the robust annual growth rates of 3.2% for 2005 and 4.1% for early 2006.
"As long as you don't think the labor market is going to collapse or financial conditions are going to change, then you're starting to have the conditions for better growth down the road," Bruce Kasman, head of economic research at J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. in New York is reported as saying.
The rapid expansion of technology companies such as Google Inc. and the huge bonuses lavished on New York investment bankers are just a couple of signs of the service sector's strength. Across the country, restaurants, hospitals, software makers and consulting firms are growing and hiring. All told, service businesses, which make up about 80% of the nation's economy, added 1.1 million jobs from May through November.
The Journal says that the upbeat attitude in services contrasts sharply with the recent pain in the housing and manufacturing sectors. Builders have been slashing prices and production as they attempt to get rid of a large backlog of unsold homes. Despite a rise in November, new-home construction was down 30% from its January peak.
Housing-related industries shed 145,000 jobs from May though November, according to Zoltan Pozsar, an economist at Moody's Economy.com. Falling home values have also left people with less power to extract cash from their homes through home-equity loans and refinancings, a factor that many economists expect to take a bite out of consumer spending.
The Journal says that along along with slumping auto sales, the drop in housing activity has affected all kinds of manufacturers, from drywall factories to furniture makers. The Institute for Supply Management, a purchasing managers' trade group, said that its index of manufacturing activity for November fell to 49.5, the lowest point since April 2003. (Any number below 50 indicates contraction.) By contrast, the ISM's index of service-sector activity for the same month rose.
"It's really two very different economies, depending on whether you're looking at the goods or service industries," says J.P. Morgan's Kasman.
The bottom line is that the strength in services will help to keep the job market relatively healthy. In the consensus scenario, nonfarm businesses will add about 100,000 jobs a month in 2007. That should be strong enough to slowly lift wages, but not to keep the unemployment rate from creeping up to 4.9% from 4.5% in November.
